Cook Islands

Mar

2026

The World’s Largest Frogfish

Gerald McComack, CINHT

Pupuke Robati’s Frogfish caught 3km west of Rarotonga – Gerald McCormack

Frogfishes are a family of fishes that look like misshapen toads – hence the name frogfishes. They are usually less than 20cm long, with some species less than 5cm in total length. They are sedentary ambush-feeders. Unsuspecting prey are attracted to a small beacon on the frogfish’s snout only to discover they are falling into an enormous gaping mouth. Because their life-style is similar to the stonefish they look rather similar in appearance, although the beacon above the mouth is a giveaway. Frogfish do not have the defensive poisonous spines that make stonefish so feared. Continue reading →

Mar

2026

Rimatara Lorikeet Reintroduction Programme

Gerald McComack, CINHT

Left: Adult Rimatara Lorikeet – Gerald McCormack. Right: illustration of traditional headress from Ātiu, using the feathers of the Rimatara lorikeet – Judith Kunzlé

It is planned to reintroduce the endangered Rimatara Lorikeet (‘Ura, Vini kuhlii) to Ātiu in the Cook Islands from Rimatara in French Polynesia in July 2007 to establish a reserve population. The programme is being implemented by four organisations: the Cook Islands Natural Heritage Trust (CINHT), an agency of the Cook Islands government; Te Ipukarea Society (TIS), the Cook Islands affiliate of BirdLife International; the Ornithological Society of Polynesia (MANU), the French Polynesia affiliate of BirdLife International; and Zoological Society of San Diego (San Diego Zoo).

The programme has the support of the President of French Polynesia, Oscar Temaru, the Ministre de l’Environment, the Cook Islands Government, the community of Rimatara, and the traditional chiefs of Atiu. Most of the funding will be provided by the 2006 British Birdwatching Fair through BirdLife International, with co-funding from Fonds Français pour le Pacifique, San Diego Zoo, NZ Department of Conservation, Air Rarotonga, and the Pacific Development and Conservation Trust. Continue reading →

Mar

2026

New Bird on Mangaia Identified

Gerald McCormack, CINHT

Adult and Juvenile Chestnut-breasted Mannikin – Mangaia, Cook Islands – Gerald McCormack

In the CI News (13 May 2006) Sue Ngatokorua described a new bird on Mangaia, and the author suggested it might be a Chestnut-breasted Mannikin (Lonchura castaneothorax). In late May Peter Ngatokorua, who provided the original information for the news article, took Ian Karika and the author to see the birds in Veitatei swamp, and they were confirmed as Chestnut-breasted Mannikins. Groups of up to 30 were seen, and the population might be near 100.

Peter and others had concluded that the bird arrived naturally, because arrival of any cage bird would have sent the inevitable buzz-of-curiosity throughout the Mangaian community. To honour the birds’ great flight to Mangaia, Peter had suggested it be called Toa Kere-ā-Rangi, literally “mighty warrior of Rangi”. While other Veitatei planters suggest it should be named Pātiki-‘Enua-ō-Rangi, an alternate name for Veitatei district, where it was first seen in 1999. Continue reading →

Mar

2026

Long-tailed Cuckoo – Part 1

Gerald McCormack, CINHT

The Long-tailed Cuckoo (Karavia, Urodynamis taitensis) winters in tropical Polynesia and migrates to New Zealand in October and November to breed by duping other birds to incubate its eggs and raise its young. This post explores its behaviour in the Cook Islands and New Zealand and the discovery that it is a migrant.

Tropical behaviour

Long-tailed Cuckoo, adult on branch and in flight – Cook Islands, Ātiu – Gerald McCormack 2010-04

The Long-tailed Cuckoo is dark brown with pale brown spots topside and white with brown streaks below; its conspicuously long tail is dark brown with pale brown bars.

In the tropics the cuckoo is solitary, secretive and inconspicuous except for the occasional loud screeching “wrrrrisssSST” call from high in trees. They are sometimes seen in fast direct flight between trees or slinking along tree branches in search of insects and lizards.

On Ātiu, twice in March and once in November, I have seen gregarious behaviour of small groups with much chasing associated with a rattling “chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi” call. The significance of this behaviour is unknown.

Nesting birds in the Cook Islands, such as the Rarotonga Flycatcher (Kākerōri, Pomarea dimidiata) and the Rimatara Lorikeet (Kura, Vini kuhlii) react very strongly to the presence of a cuckoo and chase it away. In New Zealand the cuckoo is a well-known predator on the eggs and nestlings of other birds and presumably they do the same here when the chance arises. Continue reading →

Mar

2026

Are there snakes in the Cook Islands?

Gerald McCormack, CINHT

Illustration depicting spotted and banded snake eel and a sea snake – J. Kunzlé

Inshore sea-snakes are common on and around the reefs of Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and Niue, but have never been recorded in the Cook Islands. The snake-like creatures in our lagoons are scaleless fish in the Snake-eel Family.

Snake-eels differ externally from sea-snakes in having a dorsal fin along most of the body, a more-or-less pointed tail, and protruding nostrils on the upper lip. Although they are not poisonous, they do have lots of small sharp teeth.

Spotted Snake-eel, (Myrichthys maculosus) – A&R Martin

The most common snake-eels are the Spotted Snake-eel (Myrichthys maculosus) and the Banded Snake-eel or Barred Snake-eel (Myrichthys colubrinus). The Spotted Snake-eel is up to 80cm, cream in colour with black spots. The Banded Snake-eel is a similar length with dark bands completely encircling its white body. And a less common third species has its bands reduced to dark saddles.

Although we have no inshore sea-snakes, we share with the rest of the tropical Pacific, the oceanic Yellow-bellied Sea-snake (Pelamis platurus). Like the inshore sea-snakes, the Yellow-bellied Sea-snake has external scales, a vertical paddle-like tail, no dorsal fin, and non-protruding nostrils. They swim to the surface to fill their lungs with air and can remain submerged for about two hours.

Continue reading →

Cook Islands

The World’s Largest Frogfish

Rimatara Lorikeet Reintroduction Programme

New Bird on Mangaia Identified

Long-tailed Cuckoo – Part 1

Tropical behaviour

Are there snakes in the Cook Islands?

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